Kwishishini le-photovoltaic, i-perovskite ifuna imfuno eshushu kwiminyaka yamuva. Isizathu sokuba kuvele "intandokazi" kwintsimi yeeseli zelanga ngenxa yeemeko zayo ezizodwa. I-calcium titanium ore ineempawu ezininzi ezintle kakhulu ze-photovoltaic, inkqubo yokulungiselela elula, kunye noluhlu olubanzi lwezinto eziluhlaza kunye nomxholo obuninzi. Ukongeza, i-perovskite inokusetyenziswa kwakhona kwizityalo zamandla eziphantsi komhlaba, i-aviation, ukwakhiwa, izixhobo zokuvelisa amandla okunxiba kunye nezinye iindawo ezininzi.
Ngomhla wama-21 kuMatshi, i-Ningde Times yafaka isicelo selungelo elilodwa lomenzi we "calcium titanite solar cell kunye nendlela yokulungiselela kunye nesixhobo samandla". Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngokuxhaswa kwemigaqo-nkqubo yasekhaya kunye nemilinganiselo, imboni ye-calcium-titanium ore, emelwe yi-calcium-titanium ore iiseli zelanga zelanga, yenze inkqubela enkulu. Ngoko ke yintoni i-perovskite? Injani i-industrialization ye-perovskite? Ziziphi iingxaki ezisajongene nazo? Intatheli yeDaily Science and Technology yenza udliwano-ndlebe neengcali ezifanelekileyo.
I-Perovskite ayikho i-calcium okanye i-titanium.
Izinto ezibizwa ngokuba yi-perovskites azikho i-calcium okanye i-titanium, kodwa igama eliqhelekileyo kwiklasi "ye-ceramic oxides" ene-crystal structure efanayo, kunye ne-molecular formula ABX3. U-A umele "iradius cation enkulu", B ithetha "intsimbi cation" kunye no-X "halogen anion". U-A umele “iradius cation enkulu”, u-B umele “intsimbi cation” kwaye u-X umele “i-halogen anion”. Ezi ion zintathu zinokubonisa iipropathi ezininzi ezibonakalayo ezimangalisayo ngolungiselelo lwezinto ezahlukeneyo okanye ngokulungelelanisa umgama phakathi kwazo, kubandakanywa kodwa kungaphelelanga ekugqumeni, i-ferroelectricity, i-antiferromagnetism, i-giant magnetic effect, njl.
"Ngokokwakheka kwezinto eziphathekayo, ii-perovskites zinokwahlulwa zibe ngamacandelo amathathu: i-metal oxide perovskites eyinkimbinkimbi, i-organic hybrid perovskites, kunye ne-inorganic halogenated perovskites." U-Luo Jingshan, unjingalwazi kwiYunivesithi yaseNankai ye-Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, wazisa ukuba i-calcium titanites ngoku esetyenziswa kwi-photovoltaics idla ngokuba zimbini zokugqibela.
I-perovskite ingasetyenziswa kwiindawo ezininzi ezifana nezixhobo zamandla ezisemhlabeni, i-aerospace, ukwakhiwa, kunye nezixhobo zokuvelisa amandla okunxiba. Phakathi kwabo, intsimi ye-photovoltaic yindawo ephambili yesicelo se-perovskite. Izakhiwo ze-calcium titanite ziyayilwa kakhulu kwaye zinentsebenzo enhle kakhulu ye-photovoltaic, eyona ndlela yophando oludumileyo kwintsimi ye-photovoltaic kwiminyaka yamuva.
I-industrialization ye-perovskite ikhawuleza, kwaye amashishini asekhaya akhuphisana ngokucwangcisa. Kuxelwa ukuba iimodyuli zokuqala ze-5,000 zeemodyuli ze-calcium titanium ore zithunyelwa ukusuka e-Hangzhou Fina Photoelectric Technology Co., Ltd; I-Renshuo Photovoltaic (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. ikwakhawulezisa ulwakhiwo lwe-150 MW ye-calcium egcweleyo ye-calcium titanium ore laminated pilot pilot line; I-Kunshan GCL Photoelectric Materials Co. Ltd. I-150 MW ye-calcium-titanium ore imodyuli yokuvelisa imodyuli igqityiwe kwaye yafakwa ukusebenza ngoDisemba 2022, kwaye ixabiso lemveliso yonyaka linokufikelela kwi-yuan yezigidi ezingama-300 emva kokufikelela kwimveliso.
I-calcium titanium ore ineenzuzo ezicacileyo kwishishini le-photovoltaic
Kwishishini le-photovoltaic, i-perovskite ifuna imfuno eshushu kwiminyaka yamuva. Isizathu sokuba kuvele "intandokazi" kwintsimi yeeseli zelanga ngenxa yeemeko zayo ezizodwa.
"Okokuqala, i-perovskite ineempawu ezininzi ezibalaseleyo ze-optoelectronic, ezifana ne-gap yebhendi eguquguqukayo, i-coefficient ye-absorption ephezulu, amandla okubopha i-exciton ephantsi, ukuhamba okuphezulu, ukunyamezela isiphene, njl.; okwesibini, inkqubo yokulungiselela i-perovskite ilula kwaye inokufikelela kwi-translucency, i-ultra-lightness, i-ultra-thinness, i-flexibility, njl. Ekugqibeleni, izinto eziluhlaza ze-perovskite zifumaneka ngokubanzi kwaye zininzi. " uLuo Jingshan waziswa. Kwaye ukulungiswa kwe-perovskite kufuna ukucoceka okuncinci kwezinto ezibonakalayo.
Okwangoku, intsimi ye-PV isebenzisa inani elikhulu leeseli zelanga ezisekelwe kwi-silicon, ezinokuthi zihlulwe zibe yi-silicon ye-monocrystalline, i-silicon ye-polycrystalline, kunye neeseli zelanga ze-silicon ze-amorphous. I-theoretical photoelectric conversion pole yeeseli ze-crystalline ze-silicon yi-29.4%, kwaye indawo yebhubhoratri yangoku inokufikelela kubuninzi be-26.7%, esondele kakhulu kwisilingi yokuguqulwa; kubonwa kwangaphambili ukuba inzuzo esecaleni yophuculo lobuchwepheshe nayo iya kuba ncinci kwaye incinci. Ngokwahlukileyo, i-photovoltaic yokuguqulwa kwe-photovoltaic yeeseli ze-perovskite inexabiso eliphezulu le-poli ye-theoretical ye-33%, kwaye ukuba iiseli ezimbini ze-perovskite zihlanganiswe phezulu kunye nezantsi kunye, ukuguqulwa kokuguqulwa kwe-theory kunokufikelela kwi-45%.
Ukongeza "kokusebenza", enye into ebalulekileyo "yindleko". Ngokomzekelo, isizathu sokuba iindleko zesizukulwana sokuqala seebhetri zefilimu ezibhityileyo zingenakwehla kukuba oovimba be-cadmium kunye ne-gallium, zizinto ezinqabileyo emhlabeni, zincinci kakhulu, kwaye ngenxa yoko, ngakumbi uphuhliso lweshishini. kukuba, imfuno enkulu, iphezulu iindleko zemveliso, kwaye ayizange ikwazi ukuba yimveliso eqhelekileyo. Izinto eziluhlaza ze-perovskite zihanjiswa ngobuninzi emhlabeni, kwaye ixabiso liphantsi kakhulu.
Ukongeza, ubukhulu be-calcium-titanium ore coating yeebhetri ze-calcium-titanium ore ngamakhulu ambalwa e-nanometers, malunga ne-1/500 ye-silicon wafers, okuthetha ukuba imfuno yezinto eziphathekayo incinci kakhulu. Ngokomzekelo, imfuno yangoku yehlabathi yezinto ze-silicon kwiiseli ze-silicon ze-crystalline malunga neetoni ze-500,000 ngonyaka, kwaye ukuba zonke zitshintshwa ngamaseli e-perovskite, kuphela malunga neetoni ze-1,000 ze-perovskite ziya kufuneka.
Ngokweendleko zokuvelisa, iiseli ze-silicon zekristale zifuna ukuhlanjululwa kwe-silicon ukuya kwi-99.9999%, ngoko ke i-silicon kufuneka ifudunyezwe ibe yi-1400 degrees Celsius, inyibilikiswe ibe lulwelo, itsalwe kwiintonga ezingqukuva kunye nezilayi, emva koko idityaniswe kwiiseli, kunye neefektri ezine ubuncinci kunye nezimbini. ukuya kwiintsuku ezintathu phakathi, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla okukhulu. Ngokwahlukileyo, ukuveliswa kweeseli ze-perovskite, kuyimfuneko kuphela ukusebenzisa i-perovskite base base liquid kwi-substrate kwaye emva koko ulinde i-crystallization. Yonke le nkqubo ibandakanya kuphela iglasi, ifilimu enamathelayo, i-perovskite kunye nezinto zekhemikhali, kwaye inokugqitywa kwifektri enye, kwaye yonke inkqubo ithatha kuphela malunga nemizuzu engama-45.
"Iiseli zelanga ezilungiselelwe ukusuka kwi-perovskite zisebenza kakuhle kakhulu kwi-photoelectric yokuguqula i-photoelectric, efikelele kwi-25.7% kweli nqanaba, kwaye inokubuyisela iiseli zelanga ze-silicon zexesha elizayo ukuba zibe zezorhwebo." ULuo Jingshan uthe.
Kukho iingxaki ezintathu ezinkulu ekufuneka zisonjululwe ukukhuthaza ushishino
Ukuqhubela phambili kwi-industrialization ye-chalcocite, abantu basafuna ukuxazulula iingxaki ze-3, oko kukuthi ukuzinza kwexesha elide le-chalcocite, ukulungiswa kwendawo enkulu kunye nobutyhefu belothe.
Okokuqala, i-perovskite inomdla kakhulu kwindalo, kwaye izinto ezifana nokushisa, umswakama, ukukhanya, kunye nomthwalo wesiphaluka kunokukhokelela ekuboleni kwe-perovskite kunye nokunciphisa ukusebenza kweeseli. Okwangoku iimodyuli ezininzi ze-laboratory perovskite azihlangabezani ne-IEC 61215 umgangatho wamazwe ngamazwe kwiimveliso ze-photovoltaic, kwaye azifiki kwiminyaka eyi-10-20 yokuphila kweeseli zelanga ze-silicon, ngoko ke iindleko ze-perovskite azikho inzuzo kwintsimi ye-photovoltaic yendabuko. Ukongezelela, indlela yokuthotywa kwe-perovskite kunye nezixhobo zayo zinzima kakhulu, kwaye akukho ukuqonda okucacileyo kwenkqubo kwintsimi, kwaye akukho mgangatho odibeneyo wokulinganisa, owonakalisa uphando lokuzinza.
Omnye umbandela ophambili yindlela yokuzilungiselela ngomlinganiselo omkhulu. Okwangoku, xa uphononongo lokuphucula isixhobo lwenziwa kwilabhoratri, indawo yokukhanya esebenzayo yezixhobo ezisetyenziswayo ihlala ingaphantsi kwe-1 cm2, kwaye xa kufikwa kwinqanaba lesicelo sorhwebo samacandelo amakhulu, iindlela zokulungiselela ilabhoratri kufuneka ziphuculwe. okanye kufakwe enye indawo. Iindlela eziphambili ezisebenzayo ngoku ekulungiseleleni iifilimu ze-perovskite zendawo enkulu yindlela yesisombululo kunye ne-vacuum evaporation method. Kwindlela yesisombululo, ugxininiso kunye nomlinganiselo wesisombululo se-precursor, uhlobo lwe-solvent, kunye nexesha lokugcina linempembelelo enkulu kumgangatho weefilimu ze-perovskite. I-vacuum evaporation indlela ilungiselela umgangatho olungileyo kunye nokulawulwa kokubekwa kweefilimu ze-perovskite, kodwa kuphinda kube nzima ukufezekisa unxibelelwano oluhle phakathi kwe-precursors kunye ne-substrates. Ukongezelela, ngenxa yokuba uluhlu lwezothutho lwentlawulo yesixhobo se-perovskite kufuneka lulungiswe kwindawo enkulu, umgca wemveliso kunye nokubekwa okuqhubekayo koluhlu ngalunye kufuneka lusekwe kwimveliso yezoshishino. Ngokubanzi, inkqubo yokulungiswa kwendawo enkulu yeefilimu ezibhityileyo ze-perovskite isafuna ukwenziwa ngcono.
Okokugqibela, ubutyhefu belothe bukwangumba oxhalabisayo. Ngexesha lokuguga kwezixhobo zangoku eziphezulu ze-perovskite, i-perovskite iya kubola ukuvelisa i-ion ekhokelayo yamahhala kunye ne-monomers ehamba phambili, eya kuba yingozi kwimpilo xa ingena emzimbeni womntu.
ULuo Jingshan ukholelwa ukuba iingxaki ezinjengozinzo zinokusonjululwa ngokupakishwa kwesixhobo. "Ukuba kwixesha elizayo, ezi ngxaki zimbini zisonjululwe, kukho inkqubo yokulungiselela evuthiweyo, inokwenza izixhobo ze-perovskite zibe yiglasi eguquguqukayo okanye zenze phezu kwezakhiwo ukuphumeza ukuhlanganiswa kwesakhiwo se-photovoltaic, okanye zenziwe zibe zizixhobo eziguquguqukayo ezisongekayo ze-aerospace kunye amanye amasimi, ukuze i-perovskite esithubeni ngaphandle kwamanzi kunye ne-oksijini yendawo idlale indima enkulu. " U-Luo Jingshan uqinisekile ngekamva le-perovskite.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-15-2023